NFPA 221: A Guide to Fire Walls, Fire Barriers and Fire Partitions
NFPA 221 is a standard that provides guidance on the design, construction and maintenance of fire walls, fire barriers and fire partitions. These are structural elements that separate buildings or subdivide a building to prevent the spread of fire and have a fire resistance rating and structural stability. NFPA 221 also defines two types of fire walls: high challenged fire walls and fire walls. High challenged fire walls are non-loadbearing and must remain intact even if complete collapse of structures occur on either side of them. Fire walls are parapeted walls that may be loadbearing or non-loadbearing.
NFPA 221 is available online for free access as part of NFPA's commitment to enhancing public safety. Users can view the list of NFPA's codes and standards, select the link of the code/standard number, and click the \"Free Access\" button located under the title. Users will be asked to sign-in or create a profile to access the codes/standards. The documents cannot be downloaded or printed, as NFPA relies on the revenues from people who want to own their own copies to fund its mission.
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NFPA 221 is applicable to various types of occupancies and hazards. It can help architects, engineers, contractors, building owners and authorities having jurisdiction to design and install fire walls, fire barriers and fire partitions that meet the requirements of fire safety and property protection. NFPA 221 also provides information on how to use fire walls and fire barriers as explosion-resistant walls, as outlined in NFPA 68.
NFPA 221 is updated periodically to reflect the latest research, technology and best practices in the field of fire protection engineering. The current edition of NFPA 221 was published in 2018 and is effective until 2023. Users can submit proposals or comments for revisions or amendments to NFPA 221 through NFPA's online system.
Some examples of fire walls, fire barriers and fire partitions are:
A concrete or masonry wall that separates two adjacent buildings or units and extends from the foundation to the roof. This wall has a 4-hour fire resistance rating and is designed to prevent the collapse of one building from affecting the other. [^1^] [^2^]
A gypsum board wall that encloses a stairwell, elevator shaft or mechanical room. This wall has a 2-hour fire resistance rating and is designed to limit the spread of fire and smoke within a floor or between floors. [^2^] [^3^]
A cement board wall that divides a corridor or a mall into sections. This wall has a 1-hour fire resistance rating and is designed to provide some protection for occupants and egress routes. [^2^] [^4^]
Fire walls, fire barriers and fire partitions must be properly constructed and maintained to ensure their effectiveness. They must have no openings or penetrations that compromise their fire resistance, unless they are protected by approved fire doors, windows, dampers or other devices. They must also be securely attached to the adjacent structural elements and have adequate fire-stopping materials at the joints and gaps. [^2^] 0efd9a6b88
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